A General Epidemic Model and Its Application to Mask Design Considering Different Preferences towards Masks

While most masks have a limited effect on personal protection, how effective are they for collective protection? How to enlighten the design of from perspective dynamics? In this paper, we assume three preferences in population: (i) never wearing mask; (ii) mask if and only infected; (iii) always mask. We study epidemic transmission an open system within Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model framework. use agent-based Monte Carlo simulation mean-field differential equations investigate model, respectively. Ternary heat maps show that is beneficial curbing spread epidemic. Based potential implications different designs dynamics. The results strengthening filterability face outside more parameter spaces, because it acts individuals with both (iii). However, when fraction achieves critical point, becomes effective, emerging hidden reality infected become too few utilize their fully.